To check a battery (bty) using a hydrometer, you're essentially measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte (sulfuric acid) inside a lead-acid battery. This helps determine the state of charge of each cell. Here's how to do it:
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✅ Tools Needed:
Battery Hydrometer (available at auto shops)
Safety gear: gloves and safety glasses
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⚠️ Precautions:
Only use this method on lead-acid batteries (like car or inverter batteries).
Do not use it on sealed or maintenance-free batteries.
Ensure the battery is not charging or just recently charged (wait at least 30 minutes after charging).
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🔧 Steps to Check Battery with Hydrometer:
1. Open Battery Cell Caps:
Carefully unscrew or pop off the battery cell caps.
2. Insert Hydrometer Tube into a Cell:
Squeeze the hydrometer bulb to expel air.
Insert the tube into the electrolyte of the first cell.
Slowly release the bulb to draw in the electrolyte.
3. Read the Specific Gravity:
Look at the float inside the hydrometer — it will indicate a number (like 1.200 to 1.300).
Compare the reading with the standard (see below).
4. Repeat for All Cells:
Record each cell’s reading — this helps detect weak or dead cells.
5. Clean Up:
Wipe the hydrometer and close all battery caps tightly.
Wash hands if electrolyte contacts your skin.
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📊 Interpret Specific Gravity Readings:
Specific Gravity State of Charge
1.265 – 1.300 Fully Charged
1.225 – 1.264 75% Charged
1.190 – 1.224 50% Charged
1.160 – 1.189 25% Charged
Below 1.160 Discharged/Dead
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🔍 What to Look For:
If one cell reads significantly lower than others (like below 1.180), that cell may be sulfated or failing.
If all cells are below 1.200, battery needs charging.
If the battery is charged but specific gravity is still low — the battery may be sulphated or worn out.
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